Newsletter · August 31, 2026

The Singularity Roundup With Early Riders

The Singularity Roundup with Early Riders, August 31, 2026

News of the Week

Digital asset roundup

Open source

Regulation

Early Riders Media

On this week’s Final Settlement, the team unpacked the Treasury doubling its bond buyback from a $2 billion ceiling to a $4 billion floor with close to $1 trillion that Bessent signaled could be tapped to keep it going, Citi’s plan to launch bitcoin custody later this year and the honeypot problem that comes with banks holding the keys, and Stripe closing its OpenRouter acquisition alongside a published data set that exposed API keys from 659 Stripe merchants.

You can find all our episodes on our podcast website as well as listen on YouTube, Apple, and Spotify.

What We’re Watching

In 1830, an hour of reading light cost the average worker about three hours of labor. By 1900 the same hour cost around 13 minutes of work, and today it costs seven hundredths of a second. Intelligence is undergoing the same transition, because the thinking itself has become a manufactured good, produced in bulk and priced, increasingly, in energy. And unlike light, intelligence improves the process that produces it, so every fall in its price reflexively drives the cost down further.

Light became too cheap to meter: work time needed to buy one hour of reading light, 1830 to 2026

The stack is a single conversion chain: electricity becomes compute, compute becomes intelligence, intelligence becomes work, and work becomes payments that need somewhere final to land. The report walks all nine layers, from the more than 2,000GW of proposed generation waiting in US interconnection queues to the payment standards that let an agent pay and charge for the value created, and it measures where value is created and where it leaks at every step.

The Singularity Stack interactive site, showing the Models layer

The compute behind frontier training runs has doubled roughly every six months, four times faster than Moore’s law ever managed, and this July a frontier model designed a working chip in a 48-hour run with no human intervention. Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft, and Meta plan roughly $700 to $725 billion of capital expenditure in 2026, up more than 70% from the record $410 billion they deployed the year before, while the entire thirteen-year Apollo program cost about $309 billion in today’s dollars. This is accelerating faster than anything we’ve seen.

One year of AI capex buys two Apollo programs

The second half of the report follows the money, because many are confused why despite the productivity increases, life doesn’t feel cheaper. US M2 grew from $4.7 trillion in January 2000 to near $22 trillion today, close to 6% a year, through a period of far milder technological deflation than the one now arriving. Deflation is the normal state of technological progress under a money nobody can expand at will, but measuring in the right money will be the factor that determines who sees the gains created by technological deflation, versus who sees the gains inflated away.

The denominator keeps expanding: US M2 money supply, monthly, 2000 to 2026

The report breaks down different organizations’ measurement of the singularity accelerating.

You can find the full report here, and check out the interactive site here.

About Early Riders

Early Riders is investing in digital infrastructure at the frontier. Early Riders is the first bitcoin denominated venture firm. Learn more at earlyriders.com.

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